Smart people Nerds or Not - 1214 Words

Stereotypes and misconceptions are just false presumptions of groups. Misconceptions are just wrong ideals of groups that have been formed because of a lack of information on a group or been told false information about the group from the individuals who are biased of the group. While stereotypes are false presumptions of groups formed because of a small percentages in the groups who are extremely ideal and fit the stereotypical views said of the group. Many of the individuals of the groups are most likely enraged that the mass of the public believe these stereotypes just because of these handful of stereotypical extremists. However, many in today’s society unconsciously stereotype many groups on a daily basis because of the lack of†¦show more content†¦In Tannen’s article she states â€Å"Anthropologist Elinor Keenan, for example, found that in a Malagasy-speaking village on the island of Madagascar, it is women who are direct and men who are indirect. And th e villagers see the men’s indirect way of speaking, using metaphors and proverbs, as the better way. For them, indirectness, like the men who use it, has high status.(9)† This shows that indirectness is not a show powerless or a showing of lower rank. Just because of these misconceptions not only are women’s style of speaking misunderstood but so are many others groups. If society ever truly wishes for everyone to understand one another and to start accepting each other then society must find a way to get rid of all stereotypes and misconceptions that are now present and prevent anymore from forming. A group that has been stereotype for years is that smart or intellectual people are suppose to be unattractive, social outcast nerds who love reading about superheros and are into sci fi which can no longer be said is true. This can no longer be said as true because many of the smartest people in school and society now do not come even come close to fitting the stereotype of smart people been nerds. Most people think of smart people as been like the nerds seen on tv. This means that many think of smart people as wearing thick glasses with tape in the middle, having braces, sever acne, wearing pocket protectors, having one’s pants highly lifted, and been physically unfitShow MoreRelatedAnti Intellectualism : Why We Hate Smart Kids1316 Words   |  6 Pages Anti-Intellectuals What is the first thing people think of when they hear the â€Å"smart† kid talks about his accomplishments? Those smart kids get called a nerd and automatically have to deal negative things all because society itself thinks it is okay to do so. In â€Å"Anti-Intellectualism: Why We Hate Smart Kids†, Grant Penrod explains why anti-intellectualism exist. People will remember what the anti-intellectuals do but not so much the intellectuals. Society envy those who are smarter than themRead MoreAn Analysis Of Hidden Intellectualism By Gerald Graff901 Words   |  4 Pagesindividuals think that solely the geeks or the nerds  can have academic success, and are completely forgetting that some students hidden intellectualism is found not in book smart but rather street smart, suggesting that teacher should tap into students hidden intellectualism so that it can no longer be hidden. Intellectualism   is the theory that knowledge comes from pure reasoning and   it is a word often associated with academics. Most often people think intellectualism can only be achieved throughRead MoreEssay about The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao, by Juinot Diaz1648 Words   |  7 Pages When you see someone characterize someone else as a nerd, what do you generally think about this person, what if this same person is characterized as a geek? Most people generally hold a negative connotation with one of these titles, some see it as the geek and some see it as the nerds. Oscar De Leon and Yunior from Juinot Diaz’s The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao can be classified as members of either of these groups in some ways. There are ways that they fit in and ways that they don’t butRead MoreHighschool Stereotypes Essay687 Words   |  3 Pagespreps, the nerds, and the emos. I will help you classify which is which and understand the difference so that you can dete rmine whether you want to fit in with these groups, or go your own way. The first main stereotype is the preps. They will usually be well talked about and you will hear their names often. They dress nice in expensive clothing, are usually wealthy and are sometimes in sports like football or cheerleading. This stereotype is usually filled with good-looking people and these typesRead MoreGraduation Speech : School Dress Codes790 Words   |  4 Pagessay students should only be allowed to wear pants. Pants keep students from being distracted by knees and calves and more focused on their assignments. â€Å"Tops should have a minimum of 3 inch wide straps on the shoulder.† The administration is very smart to not allow students to show their shoulders because it could get out of hand quickly. Students might get the wrong ideas from one another if their shoulders are exposed. If females came to school with even a hint of exposed shoulders it could makeRead MoreCompletely Changing Life in Jake Reinvented by Gordon Korman629 Words   |  3 Pagesabout ch anging your life completely? I am going to talk about a book that show a kid that try to change his life and try to hide his past for his new friends The name of this book is Jake Reinvented. One of the main themes in Jake Reinvented is some people will do anything to keep there past behind them even if that means to change yourself into something you thought you would never be. These paper is going to how this is the theme of Jake Reinvented and show that this is one of the main themes in JakeRead MoreEssay on Labeling Theory578 Words   |  3 Pages The Labeling Theory is the view that labels people are given affect their own and others’ perception of them, thus channeling their behavior either into deviance or into conformity. Labels can be positive and/or negative, but I’ll focus on the negative aspects of labeling in high school. Everybody has a label in high school whether it is the â€Å"slut†, â€Å"pothead†, â€Å"freak† or the â€Å"jock†; it is one of the most apparent time periods in which individuals get labeled. Students have the mentality that whateverRead MoreThe Breakfas t Club Analysis923 Words   |  4 Pagesand Andrew Clark. Allison was the girl who during a majority of the film was reserved, and socially awkward. John Bender was the guy who was very rebellious, did drugs, and did not care about authority. Claire Standish was the girl who was preppy, smart, and opinionated. Brian Johnson was the guy who was extremely nerdy and also somewhat socially awkward. Lastly, Andrew Clark was the jock who could be a bit arrogant but was a clear thinker and kind hearted deep down. Each of the students canRead MoreAn Insider Of The Subculture Know Hip Hop923 Words   |  4 PagesNow, to you he may seem like a short nerd with no life (lol) but, not true. I mean, he is a nerd, but a handsome vibrant nerd that loves to have fun At the age of eleven Mr. Smith started listening to hip-hop music after purchasing his first silver CD player. One of his first CD’s was Eve second album Scorpion followed by engaging with other artists like Biggie, Nelly, Missy Elliot, Busta Rhymes, and Ja Rule. The interview process didn’t start out how most people would expect. Quin is an energeticRead MoreAnti-Intellectualism : Why We Hate The Smart Kids By Grant Penrod Summary1088 Words   |  5 Pageshow uneducated celebrities are not setting a good example for future kids to get an education. Many intelligent kids are being overlooked because of the stigma of being a â€Å"nerd,† as well as the fact that anti-intellectualism is becoming more popular. A man, author Grant Penrod, wrote â€Å"Anti-Intellectualism: Why We Hate the Smart Kids,† with an intended purpose of arguing about this topic on how intelligent kids are being overlooked and the rise of anti-intellectualism. This is ultimately ineffective

The Moral Value Of Moral Values - 1001 Words

The claim that moral values cannot be derived from facts is grounded in the idea that facts are descriptive and informative, whereas value propositions are prescriptive and imply that we ought to carry out certain action or act in a particular way. In essence, while facts give us information about the world itself, values tell us how we should act. It is accepted that facts are cognitive and are therefore know to be true or false. However, non-cognitivists support the idea that moral truths cannot be known due to the notion that any individual who is making moral judgements is not articulating their beliefs about the way the world is. Essentially, it is believed that there are no transcendent moral thoughts to be known or discovered by individuals. David Hume initially pointed out that it would be illogical to derive facts from values – facts cannot be used in the assignment of values. This was later referred to as the is-ought gap, fact-value distinction, or â€Å"naturalist ic fallacy† to use the term created by G.E. Moore. Primarily, it is a matter of fact what our moral duties are. For example; Plato argued that the good can be known through reason, and the knowledge of the good is sufficient enough to motivate us to pursue it. However, in accordance to Hume’s Law, no factual description of an action can entail a value judgement concerning it. Additionally, reason alone cannot provide motivation for action, or that beliefs are distinct from desires. On the contrary, KantShow MoreRelatedMoral Values1269 Words   |  6 PagesMoral Values versus Academic Subject Matters Good morning faculty and Students â€Å"Welcome back to a new and rewarding School year† was the first thing I heard Principle Williams say as he made the announcements. The next thing on the agenda was to go over the rules of the school and classroom. It is the first day of school at Westover Elementary and the students are back in school for one hundred and eighty days. WOW! I just love my job. Well it is time to get down to business. We must goRead MoreMoral Values1480 Words   |  6 Pagesfabric of any society is held together by the standards of morality that we maintain and practice. Values are our personal set of beliefs about what is important, unimportant, right, wrong, good and bad. When we are confronted by choices, options, or moral dilemmas, the decisions we make will indicate what values we hold. Human values give worthiness and respect to life. The foundation of human values are based on  · Dignity of human life  · Respect and consideration for the o ther  · The importanceRead MoreMoral Values1090 Words   |  5 PagesMoral values Morality is the differentiation of intentions, decisions and actions between the ones that are good and the ones which are bad. The philosophy of morality is ethics. Morality is a synonym of goodness. Laurence Sterne has rightly said â€Å"Respect for ourselves guides our morals; respect for others guides our manners†. Moral values are important to an individual as it makes one feel peaceful. They give your life a purpose and make it meaningful. Honesty, decency, modesty, kind heartednessRead MoreMoral Judgements And Moral Values Essay1372 Words   |  6 PagesObjective moral values obtain the idea that a certain system of ethics or even a set of moral judgements is not just true according to a person’s subjective opinion, but proves factually true. They are qualities like love or kindness which are morally good independent of the belief of human beings. The other side of the equation refers to subjective moral values which means that values are whatever we as humans choose to pursue and whatever we desire. Now, whether morality is an objective propertyRead MorePersonal Values And Moral Values998 Words   |  4 PagesPersonal Values and Moral Integrity Values and morals are incredibly important concepts that shape the way that people live. Personally, I believe that values are a system of absolutes that an individual strives to measure up to. Whereas, morals are standards that one has that they consider to be acceptable. As a Christian morals and values are very important to me because I do my best to live up to the standards that are shown throughout. Jesus was not only sent so that we may have eternal lifeRead MoreEthical Values And Moral Values1192 Words   |  5 PagesEthics in a sense is everything we hold dear to us, meaning our moral values. The development of figuring out what is important to us requires intellectual and critical evaluation. By not developing ones own moral values, you are simply taking the route of taking the moral beliefs given to you by your family or society. You’re accepting them because its easier than questioning them. However, this has its setbacks, by choosing not to do ethics you are es sentially undermining your own personal freedomRead MoreTeaching Values And Moral Values811 Words   |  4 Pagesteaching values to children. It will also describe why values are important in society. Values need to be taught at home and at school as well; children spend more time at home than they do at school. Teaching values, not just rules allow children to make ethical decisions, they teach them personal responsibility, and they also promote moral integrity. Leading by example is important in justifying the subscription of values and moral education. Teaching Values Teaching values is important. Values allowRead MoreMoral Values And Ethical Values941 Words   |  4 PagesMoral values and some profound qualities are the conviction or distinguish factor that certain practices are either great or terrible. A few ethics are not difficult to acknowledge and just the edges of social order may address or reject them. It is sheltered to expect that the moralities in human culture are intrinsic and inward inside us. What I mean is that the system that makes profound quality is incorporated with our heredity. Ethics are liable to an extensive variety of provisions and extremesRead MoreTeaching Values And Moral Values880 Words   |  4 PagesTeaching values is important. Values allow children to make ethical decisions, they teach them personal responsibility, and values promote moral integrity. Honesty, respect, responsibility, and love are just a few of the important values children should be taught. These values shape them into well-rounded individuals and help point the way of thinking and acting appropriately. Values define an individual’s behavior, ethical or unethical, and that’s why teaching children values is important. EthicalRead MorePersonal Values And Moral Values Essay874 Words   |  4 Pages Without moral values, how would we live our lives by a standard? Moral values help you choose between right and wrong. It is what you use to determine your personality and characteristics. You use them to judge a person on what is right and wrong. Moral values help you live your life making the correct decisions. They are very important in your everyday life. If you use them, people will look at you as a person with good ethics. If you have moral values in every aspect of your life, some people

Ketamine Pain Mechanism Free Essays

Pain is communicated from the brain to other parts of the body by the CNS (Central Nervous System) and nerve endings. (Mayer, Mao, Holt, Price, 7731-7736) The ligand-gated ion channels, also referred to as LGICs, or ionotropic receptors, are a group of intrinsic transmembrane ion channels that are opened in response to binding of a chemical messenger. (Collingridge, Singer, 290-296) (Dickenson, 307-309) (Dickenson, Chapman, Green, 633-638) The ion channel is regulated by a neurotransmitter ligand that is very selective to one or more ions like potassium, sodium, calcium, and chloride. We will write a custom essay sample on Ketamine Pain Mechanism or any similar topic only for you Order Now (Kandel, Schwartz, Jessell, 178-180)   Such receptors located at synapses converting the chemical signal to an electric signal in the post-synaptic cell. (Connolly, Wafford, 529-534)   The NMDA receptor (N-methyl-D-aspartate) is such an ionotropic receptor for glutamate. (Dingledine, Borges, Bowie, Traynelis, 7-61) (Lodge, Johnson, 81-86) (Meller, 435-436)   By X-ray crystallography, the NMDA receptors have an heterodimer subunits, which are involved in the binding of agonists and antagonists like Ketamine. (Hirota, Lambert, 441-444) This channel complex contributes to excitatory synaptic transmission at sites throughout the brain and the spinal cord, and is modulated by a number of endogenous and exogenous compounds. (Rabben, Skljelbred, Oye, 1060-1066)   NMDA receptors play a key role in a wide range of physiologic and pathologic processes. (Hoffman, Coppejans, Vercauteren, Adriemsen, 240-242) (Klepstadt, Maurset, Moberg, Oye, 513-518) (Coderre, Katz, Vaccarino, Melzack, 259-285) Ketamine is primarily a non-competitive antagonist, which opens in response to binding of glutamate. This NMDA receptor mediates the reduction of pain effects of ketamine at low doses. (Lofwall, Griffiths, Mintzer, 439-449) Evidence for this is reinforced by the fact that naxolone, an opioid antagonist, does not reverse the analgesia. Studies also seem to indicate that ketamine is ‘use dependent’ meaning it only initiates its blocking action once a glutamate binds to the NMDA receptor. (Sorensen, Bengtsson, Ahlner, Henriksson, Ekselius et al., 1615-1621)   At high level doses, ketamine has also been found to bind to opioid mu receptors and sigma receptors. Thus, loss of consciousness that occurs may be partially due to binding at the opioid mu and sigma receptors. (Lonnqvist, Norton, 617-621) (Menigaux, Fletcher, Dupont, Guignard, Guirimand, et al. 129-135) (Koppert, Sittl, Scheuber, Alsheimer, Schmelz, 152-159) (Bushell, Endoh, Simen, Ren, Bindokas, 55-64) Works Cited Mayer DJ, Mao J, Holt J, Price DD. Cellular Mechanisms of Neuropathic Pain, Morphin Tolerance, and their Interactions. Proc. Natl Acac. Sci. USA. 1999, 96(14): 7731-7736. Collingridge G, Singer W. Excitatory Amino Acid Receptors and Synaptic Plasticity. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 1990 11: 290-296. Dickenson AH. A cure for wind-up: NMDA receptor antagonists as potential analgesics. Trends Pharmacol Sci 1990 11: 307-309 Dickenson AH, Chapman V and Green GM. The pharmacology of excitatory and inhibitory amino acid-mediated events in the transmission and modulation of pain in the spinal cord. Gen Pharmacol 1997 28: 633-638 Kandel ER, Schwartz JH, Jessell TM. Principles of Neural Science, 4th ed. McGraw-Hill: New York, (2000), pp.178-180 Connolly CN, Wafford KA. The Cys-Loop Superfamily of Ligand-Gated Ion Channels – the Impact of Receptor Structure on Function. Biochemical Society Transactions (2004) Vol. 32: 529-534. Dingledine R, Borges K, Bowie D, Taynelis SF. The Glutamate Receptors Ion Channels. Pharmacology Reviews, 1999 51(1): 7-61 Lodge D and Johnson KM. Non-Competitive Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists. Trends Pharmacol Sci 1990 11: 81-86 Meller ST. Ketamine: Relief from Chronic Pain through Actions at the NMDA Receptor? Pain   1996 68: 435-436 Hirota K, Lambert DG. Ketamine: Its Mechanism (s) of Action and its Unusual Clinical Uses. Br. J. Anesth. 1996, 77(4):441-444. Rabben T, Skjelbred P, Oye I. Prolonged Analgesic Effects of Ketamine, an N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Inhibitor, in Patients with Chronic Pain. The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Pharmaceutics. 1999, 289(2):1060-1066. Hoffmann V, Coppejans H, Vercauteren M and Adriaemsen H Successful Treatment of Postherpetic Neuralgia with Oral Ketamine. 1994 Clin J Pain 10: 240-242 Klepstad P, Maurset A, Moberg ER and Oye I Evidence for a Role for NMDA Receptors in Pain Perception. Eur J Pharmacol   1990 187: 513-518 Coderre TJ, Katz J, Vaccarino AL and Melzack R.   Contribution of Central Neuroplasticity to Pathological Pain: A Review of Clinical and Experimental Evidence. 1993 Pain 52: 259-285. Lofwall MR, Griffiths RR, Mintzer MZ. Cognitive and Subjective Acute Dose Effects of Intramuscular Ketamine in Healthy Adults. Ex. Clin. Psychopharmacol. (2006), 14(4):439-449 Sorensen J, Bengtsson A, Ahlner J, Henriksson KG, Ekselius L and Bengtsson M.   Fibromyalgia. Are there different mechanisms in the processing of pain? A double Blind Crossover Comparison of analgesic Drugs. 1997 J Rheumatol 24: 1615-1621 Lonnqvist PA, Norton NS. Pediatric Day-Case Anesthesia and Pain Control.   Curr. Opin. Anaest. (2006), 19(6): 617-621. Menigaux C, Fletcher D, Dupont X, Guignard B, Guirimand F, Chauvin M. The Benefits of Intraoperative Small-Dose Ketamine on Postoperative Pain after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Repair. Anesth. Analg. 2000 90(1): 129-135 Koppert W, Sittl R, Scheuber K,Alsheimer M, Schmeltz M, Schuttler J. Differential Modulation of Remifentanil-Induced Analgesia and Post-Infusion Hyperalgesia by S-Ketamine and Clonidine in Humans. Anesthesiology. 2003, 99(1): 152-159. Bushell T, Endoh T, Simen AA, Ren D, Bindokas VP, Miller RJ. Molecular Components of Tolerance to Opiates In Single Hippocampal Neurons. Mol. Pharmacol. 2002, 61(1): 55-64. How to cite Ketamine Pain Mechanism, Essay examples

Technology simplifies modern life free essay sample

Technology has advanced to such a degree that even the most menial tasks can be dealt with efficiently with a mere touch of a button. When we consider how much we rely on technology to aid us in our day to day lives, it is hard to imagine a world without the technological advancements we have become so accustomed to. This essay will discuss examples of where technology has simplified or enhanced life as we know it. Who would have thought that Alexander Graham Bell’s simple invention would eventually evolve into the pocket sized computers we call cell phones? Nowadays being without a cell phone is almost unheard of, especially since it has become an essential part of our lives. Smartphones allow the user to do everything from banking to watching your favourite soapie without having to leave the comfort of your own home. New Applications are developed almost daily; all with the aim of simplifying and enhancing our lives. We will write a custom essay sample on Technology simplifies modern life or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The possibilities are endless. In the medical field, technological advancements are helping us live healthier, independent and more productive lives. Diabetics are able to monitor their blood sugar levels with the help of a small monitoring machine. This modern little machine helps the user to control and possibly reduce the risks associated with diabetes, without having to go to the doctor to simply monitor their glucose levels. Another example of advancement that has simplified our lives would be surgeons who are now able to perform minimally invasive surgical procedures. In the past, to recover from an operation on an aneurysm would take almost 12 months; nowadays one can recover from the same procedure in 4 weeks thanks to the modern lasers and ergonomically designed instruments used today. In the education industry, e-learning has changed the face of education. This type of learning uses computers to deliver training through electronic means such as multimedia and the internet. Almost every school is equipped with a computer laboratory or facility that equips learners with basic computer skills (an essential in the modern world) as well as the ability to access information via the internet. Adult Learners can take advantage of the various mediums within e-learning such as internet-based training, online education and virtual classrooms to obtain a diploma or degree while still maintaining a full time  job. Budding entrepreneurs are also able to gain financially through the ever growing e-commerce industry. The electronic commerce or â€Å"e-commerce† industry entails the purchasing and selling of products and services over electronic sytems. This multi-million rand industry has gained in popularity over the past few years as online shopping has become more prevalent in modern society. Shoppers are able to browse and purchase at their leisure and most large retail chains have an online shopping option that offers their customers safe, reliable and convenient home shopping. I could provide endless examples of how technology has simplified our lives but that will not be necessary. In my busy life, the fact that I am able to electronically submit this essay is one way in which it has simplified mine.

11 Easy Meal Ideas for College Students

11 Easy Meal Ideas for College Students Cooking in college presents a challenge to even the smartest student. These ideas and recipes can quickly- and cheaply- transform a lackluster meal or snack option into something much more exciting (and delicious!). Breakfast Ideas 1. Spruced-Up Bagels Grab some bagels and cream cheese, slice a tomato (save the rest for later) and pour yourself some fresh orange juice to create a quick and energizing meal. 2. Quick Pancakes Dont have a lot of time, supplies (like eggs, milk, and flour), or cooking tools? Grab a container of Bisquick Shake n Pour, add water, pour into a frying pan, and voila ... hot, steamy pancakes! Dont forget to bring the syrup. 3. Blueberry Pancakes in Disguise Krusteaz makes a pretty decent- and usually pretty low-priced- Wild Blueberry Muffin Mix. (Its in a box, usually on the same aisle as the flour.) However, thanks to a recipe on the back of the carton, you can quickly turn it into blueberry pancakes. 4. Egg Sandwich to Go Crack an egg into a coffee mug, sprinkle in some cheese and beat it with a fork. Microwave for 45 seconds, then scoop the cooked egg onto an English muffin (toasted, if you can). Youre out the door with a filling sandwich in hand in less than 5 minutes! Just make sure you rinse out the mug before the egg is permanently caked on. Lunch andDinner Ideas 5. Macaroni and Cheese With multiple, easy-to-make options available, theres no reason why you cant enjoy a dish of mac and cheese now and then. You can add ingredients yourself and cook it on the stove top, or you can buy the simple stuff that just requires you add water and microwave it. Add some veggies on top to up the nutritional value. 6. Simple Bread and Cheese Grab a small baguette, a chunk of your favorite cheese and something nice to drink. This makes a great snack or small meal and is easy to eat while studying. Add salami if youre extra hungry or a dollop of jam if you want to sweeten it. 7. Grilled Cheese and Tomato Soup If you have a stove or toaster oven, making grilled cheese is about as easy as it gets when it comes to comfort food. Melt some butter in a frying pan to crisp both sides of the bread, then add some cheese between the slices. Heat up tomato soup on the stove or in the microwave to complete this classic meal. 8. Microwave Quesadillas Grab some tortillas and shredded cheese, and pop em in the microwave. In under two minutes, youve got a delicious snack that leaves very little mess behind. 9. Roasted Veggies Anything If you have an oven, chop up some of your favorite vegetables, toss them in olive oil, add salt and pepper and roast them at 375 degrees Fahrenheit for 45 to 60 minutes. Broccoli, cauliflower, tomatoes, onions, and carrots make a good mix. You can use them in a different dish every day: roasted veggie burritos, roasted veggies over rice, roasted veggie pizza, roasted veggie pasta or roasted veggie panini. You can do a lot with them, and they keep in the fridge for about a week. Desserts 10. Fruit and Yogurt Parfait Its pretty self-explanatory: Add fresh (or thawed frozen) fruit to a cup of yogurt, top with your favorite granola and voila- a healthy-ish dessert. 11. Mug Cake You can find all sorts of recipes online, but heres the gist: Put together all the ingredients you need to make a cake in a microwave-safe coffee mug, microwave them for about 2 minutes, then let your creation cool for 30 seconds before adding toppings or diving in.

Contrast Writers Essays

Compare/Contrast Writers Essays Compare/Contrast Writers Paper Compare/Contrast Writers Paper There are various things that make up a piece of literature. For example: choice of diction, modes of discourse, and figurative language. Mary Rowlandson and Olaudah Equiano were great examples of authors that used these elements of literature. There are similarities and differences in A Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson and From Africa to America. Though Mary Rowlandson and Olaudah Equiano shared similarities in experiences, they had different writing personalities, purposes, attitudes, tones, and relations with their communities. There are four main modes of discourse: expository, narrative, descriptive, and persuasive. In Mary Rowlandson’s A Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson, it is apparent in the title that it is a narrative. Like Mrs. Rowlandson’s literature, Olaudah Equiano’s From Africa to America is a narrative. A narrative form of literature is a story, account of events, or experiences, whether it is true or fictitious. In this case their stories were their real experiences and they gave the reader actual facts and information, also making it expository. The closeness of the place and the heat of the climate, added to the number in the ship, which was so crowded that each had scarcely room to turn himself, almost suffocated us. † (73) This is a perfect example showing that Olaudah Equiano’s narrative is also descriptive, giving the reader vivid images in his mind, whereas Rowlandson’s narrative rarely has descriptive content. Th ese works of literature may also be portrayed as persuasive by the quote of, â€Å".. Overwhelmed with the thoughts of my condition.. † (7) Mary Rowlandson was overwhelmed with her emotions. This quote may persuade the reader to think of how melancholy, or how difficult it is to be on a slave ship, and also being held captive by Indians. Both narratives are similar in the experiences the two authors possessed. Both Mary Rowlandson and Olaudah Equiano were held captive at a time in their lives. White men captured Olaudah Equiano, while Mary Rowlandson had Indian captivators. Olaudah’s story tells of the time where he first saw the slave ship he was put on and the journey across great waters to the new world. Rowlandson’s story tells of the apathy of the Indians and her stay with the tribe. It is apparent that the journey across the sea was horrible enough for the ship’s passengers to commit suicide by jumping off of the ship rather than staying on board with the putrid smell of human wastes and lack of ventilation. In a brief paragraph, Equiano wrote of his daily routine before his captivity. He mentioned the relationship he had with his mother, and how he was her favorite child. â€Å"I became, of course, the greatest favorite with my mother and was always with her. (72) Olaudah and Mary were alike because Olaudah had a great relationship with his mother while Mary was fond of her own child in her narrative. â€Å"About two hours in the night, my sweet babe like a lamb departed this life†¦ I must and could lie down next to my dead babe, side by side all the night after. † (2) Neither Olaudah Equiano nor Mary Rowlandson ended their stories with the family membe rs they were most fond of. Equiano’s captivity was the reason why he was stripped from his mother while Rowlandson’s baby died during her captivity. In trying times such as these, Rowlandson prayed to God for aid. Being a faithful Puritan, Rowlandson often read her bible during difficult times. She would find and read Psalms that related to her own life’s problems and conflicts. Although Mary Rowlandson turned to God in her times of need, Olaudah Equiano did not once mention any sort of a god. Rowlandson believed that with her faith in God and to feel sorry for past conducts, she would be forgiven and promised that curses will be turned onto her enemies. â€Å"I came to chapter 30, the seven first verses, where I found, there was mercy promised again, if we would return to Him by repentance.. (3) Rowlandson quoted Psalm 27 ver. ult. , â€Å"Wait on the Lord, Be of good courage, and he shall strengthen thine Heart, wait I say, on the Lord. † (3) This quote showed that Rowlandson had an undying faith in the Lord. A relationship was held with the Lord for Rowlandson, and not Equiano. Although Equiano did not have a relationship with God, he and Rowlandson both had different types o f relationships with their communities and peers. Mary Rowlandson had an apathetic relationship with the New England Wampanoag Indians. The tribe had no sympathy for the death of Mary’s six-year-old daughter. The Indians took the young daughter from the mother and buried her on top of a hill. Though they buried the child for Rowlandson, they did not give the mother permission to look after the dead child nor let her keep the corpse with her. They had no sympathy because they told her she had to leave her child. Rowlandson had a fair relationship with the other woman and children that were also kidnapped. The other captives shared a faith in God with Mary. Mary read a Psalm to the other woman captive, who was pregnant and had the desire to escape and run away. Mary read a Psalm that explained that God would help you hold on through hard times. (3) While Mary had relations with the people around her, Olaudah had his. Equiano had mainly fellow Africans as his peers. All of these Africans were in the same situation because they all were taken onto the slave ship from their homes to go to America as slaves to the white men. Olaudah did not speak at all to another person in his narrative, which showed that his relationship with his community was poor. The relationships these two authors had with their communities showed readers a little bit of their personalities. It is apparent that Mary Rowlandson is more extrovert than Olaudah Equiano. Rowlandson communicated with the people she was surrounded by. Olaudah Equiano showed that he was more introvert than Mary Rowlandson because he did not attempt to have any sort of conversation with another being. He only spoke of what he saw going on in the lives of the people around him in his story, and there was no dialogue. Mary Rowlandson’s personality was more apparent than Olaudah Equiano’s because she showed that she was a caring woman. She did not want to leave her child behind, even though it was already dead. Mary was also caring and loving because she took the time to go through bible scriptures and Psalms with another woman to give her the hope and guidance she needed from their Lord. Following the Lord was one of Mary’s main purposes in life. Mary Rowlandson used the rhetoric device appeal to authority in her literature. She spoke of God as if He were somehow relevant to every aspect of her life, whereas Equiano mainly used appeal to emotion in his work. Olaudah spoke of the slavery and apprehensions on the slave ship and in the new world. â€Å".. Much dread and trembling among us and nothing but bitter cries to be heard all the night.. † (74) There was also figurative language used in Mrs. Rowlandson’s excerpt. â€Å"My sweet babe like a lamb. † (2) Mary might have compared her child to a lamb in order to describe her as a sweet, shy, pure and innocent girl. If thought religiously, this simile may have been said to show that we are all God’s children, because God was a Shepard and we are represented as His lambs. Both spoke of themselves in their stories in the first person and in plain style, referring to themselves as, â€Å"I. Mary Rowlandson and Olaudah Equiano had somewhat similar but different attitudes and tones. Both held captive, Mary Rowlandson and Olaudah Equiano felt all but jolly during their times of captivity. Olaudah did not even feel like he needed to eat food on his journey aboard the slave ship. â€Å"I became so sick and low that I was not able to eat. † (72) Olaudah felt gloomy during this period of time. â€Å".. With the loathsomeness of the stench and crying.. † (72) Olaudah felt afraid and apprehensive during the ship ride. This wretched situation was again aggravated by the galling of the chains, shrieks of the women, and groans of the dying, all of which rendered the whole a scene of horror almost inconceivable. † (73) Mary Rowlandson felt gloomy half of the time, while the other half of the time she felt hopeful towards God. â€Å"This sorrowful world.. † (2) and Psalm 27 (3) are quotes from her excerpt that expressed the emotions she had. The emotions these authors had are elements that help to give the purposes of these narratives. A Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson and From Africa to America both have purposes to entertain and inform readers with their life experiences and tales. Mrs. Rowlandson’s provides faith and hope that trying times will be overcome by the love and mercy of God. Mr. Equiano’s tale informs readers of the grief that Africans went through because of the selfishness white men had to own slaves. Olaudah’s story may be seen as a reminder that people in the latest generation have things easy compared to the time he was alive. People should not take what they have for granted, for example freedom. The people of today have the most freedom than ever before. Although two different authors wrote these works of literature, A Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson and From Africa to America, both stories possessed similar and different elements of writing. These tales were worthy of comparing because they had various things to review, contrast, and realize, such as the worship they had or didn’t have for God, their experiences, and their styles. Mary Rowlandson and Olaudah Equiano were remarkable writers whose works will always be a part of America’s history for the various styles and purposes they had to share with their readers.

Analysis Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Analysis Paper - Essay Example In the summer of 1990, adventurer Christopher Johnson McCandless left for an unknown destination. The Story of Chris McCandless as narrated by Jon Krakauer reflects a personal journey whose justifications may never be known. He had donated all his savings, spent his cash and deserted his car to re-invent a new life for himself. In 1992, his decayed body was located in the Alaskan mountains. Donner insinuates that the experiences and journey of McCandless compare largely with the experiences of the Prophet Muhammad in his early life (22). This is because both characters underwent similar experiences of inner motivations that led them to engage in audacious acts that were challenging and extraordinary in their respective societies. I believe that McCandless and Muhammad focused on attaining knowledge, lived in precarious environments, and valued the need to study societal processes. Similarities John Krakauer believes that inner obsession and youthful desires led McCandless to undertak e that journey (1). He reconstructs a clear prism through which he brings together the unsettling facts of Christopher McClandess’ life. By digging deeply, Krakauer unfolds the secrets that the life of McCandless depicts. He integrates the reflective pull of the American jungle on the reader’s imagination as well as the fascination of the high-risk activities in the wilderness performed by young people. ... With that, he liberated himself to indulge in nature freely with new experiences. The surprise of the story is that McCandless had grown in the wealthy neighbourhood of Washington, D. C., and had graduated with an honours degree from Emory University. Nonetheless, these factors did not fulfil him. His ultimate desire was to undertake an Alaskan odyssey in the wild for a whole summer. He was probably harrowing with the desire to make an extraordinary step in his life. McCandless shocked the world by leaving a nearly perfect life. Interestingly, he had left a full trail of travails documents, photos and diaries. In his diaries, he depicts a journey of a hunger experience driven by a kind of immortal grandeur. He contemplated in the emptiness of the material world. He had planned to attend law school in the future. Supertramp (1) disagrees that McCandless was still naive and experimental. He traversed the country using meagre means. In few times he sought employment and in hard times re fused help from strangers. He can be defined as an idealist whose life was cut down before he could realise its full benefits. He had made an impact on nearly all the people he had met along his journey. His journey was quickly prepared without plans. He did not have a rifle, an axe, a compass, or a map. This was an arrogant decision because the environment that he was going to face was harsh and dangerous. The life of Prophet Muhammad closely relates to the experiences of McCandless. Mohammad grew up in a society that was blemished by violence, hunger and warfare. However, he had received a normal upbringing even following the loss of his parents at a young age. His father passed before he was born, while the mother passed when he was six years old. His

Strategic Management Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Strategic Management - Research Paper Example Lately the services it offers to its customers have also been widely differentiated from those of its competitor, Disney. Thus, conflict of interests has been avoided and also the cut throat competition that previously existed has been brought under control. From the internal environment, Ocean Park has undergone a lot of innovations and improvements which help it to keep up with the competitive environment. With the innovation of Dolphin shows and the Cable Car, the place is able to attract a large number of people from different corners of the world. The managing director of Ocean Park also stated that unlike Disney which was all about fantasy, Ocean Park was about reality of nature and real animals. In Singapore, the main attraction currently is the Universal Studios Singapore. The theme park has paved a way for Asia’s success in tourism since it has already attracted more than two million tourists since its opening. The success of the park has mainly been attributed to its unique attractions of blockbuster movies and television shows. Its spectacular hotels and shopping malls also contribute significantly to its quality and attractiveness. General Environment in Hong Kong and Singapore The environment in Hong Kong is generally characterized by businesses, industry and work. Most of the businesses are operated in a laissez faire world where there is very minimal control by the government. The place is also composed of industries such as manufacturing and electronic industries (Lee, 2001, P. 110). Although the city is known to be poor in the financial and commercial sector, it is known for its success in domestic tourism. Lately however, it has specialized in eco-tourism considering its magnificent nature (Singh, 2012, P. 10). The politics in the area are not so outstanding but are carried out in a peaceful manner. Such factors have promoted a favorable environment for the park to undertake its developments. Political stability in Hong Kong also create s a favorable environment for the tourism industry. This is supported by the fact that tourists would not be willing to visit a place where there are wars and political violence. Travel and accommodation industry in Hong Kong and Singapore Following the recent release of Global Financial Centers Index 2011, Hong Kong was ranked at a higher position than Singapore and third after London and New York. This has mainly been attributed to its wide hotel and tourism industry. The catering and hotel industry in Hong Kong provides highest level of visitor experience and satisfaction to the visitors thus ensuring that there is a flow of tourists all the time. The travel industry is also favored by the employment of staffs that are fluent in Mandarin so as to promote communication with the tourists. Most of the tourists to Hong Kong are from mainland China. Other, whose main aim is leisure, recreation and holidays come from other parts of the world, including America, Thailand and Singapore ( Zhang, Pine, and Lam, 2005, P. 83). Due to the continued political and economic stability in Hong Kong, the tourism industry continues to grow as more and more people find their way to the city. With growth in the tourism industry, it implies that the number of visitors on Ocean Park will also increase. Take for example in the year 2011 when china as a whole registered a large number of tourists, Ocean Park reported a total of 900,

Research about the Radiation Safety Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Research about the Radiation Safety - Essay Example This paper aims at discussing radiation and its safety, how radiation can be measured, how it affects the lives of human beings and how these negative effects can be reduced. Radiation is majorly categorized into either non-ionizing or ionizing radiation. This classification is done in accordance to whether the radiation ionizes or does not ionize common compound matter. A radiation that ionizes ordinary chemical matter is referred to as ionizing radiation while that that does not cause ionization to chemical matter is known as non-ionizing radiation. The term radiation is under various circumstances used in referring to ionizing radiations. The most common forms of ionizing radiation are X-rays and gamma rays (Gale and Lax 123). However, radiation might also be used in referring to non-ionizing radiations such as microwaves, radio waves, heat, or visible light. During radiation, wave radiate or particles travel away from the source in every direction. This characteristic enables a t echnique of physical units and measurements applicable in both ionizing and non-ionizing radiations (Pettigrew 98). Both forms of radiation’s power trail an inverse-square law that relates to its source’s distance. This is because of the fact that both types of radiation tend to expand as they travel through space. This law only applies when the radiation is travelling in a vacuum. Radiation with the required high energy has the capability of knocking electrons off atoms thus creating ions. As much as both types of radiations can be dangerous to living organisms, ionizing radiation is by far more dangerous per unit of energy deposited. This is because even the powers from law ionizing radiations have the capability of causing DNA damage in living things. Because the cells of living things and DNA in the cell can be negatively affected by the ionization, then this type of radiation can easily lead to higher chances of getting cancer. Given that a single living cell cons ists of billions of atoms, only a small fraction of the atoms will be affected by radiation with low powers (Gale and Lax 187). Therefore, the possibility of cancer being caused by ionizing radiation on the amount of radiation that has been absorbed and the sensitivity of the tissue or organism. Particles and photons the energy of more than 10 electron volts (eV) should be referred to as ionizing. Beta particles, gamma rays, cosmic rays, X-rays, and alpha particles have enough energy that can ionize atoms. Free electrons can also be ionizing due to their ability have attraction with matter. Free electrons might occur as a result of ionization. Ionizing radiations originate from X-ray tubes, radioactive materials, particle accelerators, and some also naturally exist in the environment. Ionizing radiation is usually invisible and cannot be easily detected by any of the other four human senses. This is the reason as to why the equipment like Geiger counters are always needed to detect the presence of ionizing radiations. Ionizing radiation can be might lead to the production of some visible light when they interact with matter, as experienced during radio-luminescence and Cherenkov radiation ionizing radiation can be used in many ways in the field of medicine but can be a health hazard if not used in an appropriate way (Kudriashov 145). Exposing someone to ionizing radiation can result to the damage of his/ her living tissues. Higher doses of exposure to

Being a Good Leader in the Marines Essay -- Marines Leadership Counsel

Being a Good Leader in the Marines â€Å"In order to be a good leader, there are two things to remember. Lead from the Front and always set the Example. From these two leadership principles, everything else will fall into place.† These are the words that have ended all of my counseling sheets with since I began writing them as a Corporal and will continue to do as long as I counsel Marines. I was brought up in the Marine Corps with this philosophy and have adopted it as my own. Leading from the front is often times one of the leadership principles that is easier said by some than actually done. Those so called leaders that would tell their Marines to do something that ‘they’ would never really do themselves. Coming in font of your Marines on a Monday morning without a fresh haircut or pressed uniform and actually having the nerve to address them on how ‘unsatisfactory’ they appear. I have actually had the unpleasant experience of witnessing this, from a receiving perspective. Is this what anyone would call Setting the Example? I have had both the pleasure and discomfort of being led by good and bad leaders. The way I simply define leadership is by being able to do as you say. Lead from the front and Set the example. There are several different items that I have stored in my leadership â€Å"bag of tricks†. The one that I find myself applying the most is the ability to be both stern but flexible. I am a true believer in the statement that no one is perfect. As a leader I feel tha...

Case Studies Homework Essay

Sally is suffering from a debilitating illness which will eventually rob of her speech and mobility. She has requested that the hospital staff do not resuscitate her if she has a heart attack. This is a limitation on use of restrictions on rights because Sally does not want the right to life anymore if it means that she cannot speak and move without help. A pregnant single woman wants to abort her baby. However, the natural father wants her to keep the child. This freedom of expression as the woman has the rights to her own body and she can say what she wants and decide what she wants to happen to the baby as it is her body. An atheist teacher at a Roman Catholic school feels he has been prevented from gaining promotion due to his religious beliefs. This is a prohibition of discrimination because he should be treat professionally and not any different because of his religious beliefs. An asylum seeker is being threatened with expulsion from the United Kingdom. He is frightened to return to his home country because of threats of detainment or even death. He expressed political views against the government; he knows he won’t get a fair trial. This is against the right to life as his life could be taken away by others. It is also against the prohibition of torture because he could be tortured by others in his home country. Also, it is against the right to a fair trial and no punishment without law because he would not be given a fair trial in his country and be punished without breaking the law.

The Political Aspects of Ozone Depletion essays

The Political Aspects of Ozone Depletion essays Environmental Studies Group Project: The Political Effects of Ozone Depletion Unlike most environmental issues, there was widespread acceptance of scientific predictions concerning ozone depletion. Protecting the ozone layer by controlling the production of ozone-depleting substances (ODPs), has been a major environmental concern since the mid-1970's. At this time, two scientists, Molina and Rowland published a study demonstrating the ability of CFCs to catalytically breakdown ozone in the presence of high frequency UV light. This ozone, along with oxygen in the stratosphere absorbs almost all UV. The main problem is that CFCs, halons, chlorinated solvents, and methyl bromide are unstable to UV-C in the stratosphere and will photolyze to form chlorine radicals. These chlorine radicals are a major ozone-depleting substance with very high ozone depleting potential. There are many serious consequences of ozone depletion, not only on the environment but on human health as well. Like any other major environmental issue there is politics and controversy surroundin g it; that is what will be discussed in the following paragraphs. As Rowland and Molinas paper discussing CFCs as ozone depleting substances was being written, global consumption of the main ODSs were increasing rapidly, being used in applications like aerosol propellants and refrigeration coolants. While many were skeptical and wanted further evidence, the environmental protection agency (EPA) in the U.S. argued that non-essential CFCs, as in aerosols should be banned as a precautionary measure. The major chemical companies, such as Du Pont argued that scientific evidence that their products effected the ozone layer would be needed before they introduced any restrictions. The CFC industry was worth about eight billion dollars a year in the United States during the early 1970's and this fact buys a lot of lobbying and advert...

A Brief History of the KGB and Its Origins

A Brief History of the KGB and Its Origins If you grafted the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) with the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), added a few hefty tablespoons of paranoia and repression, and translated the whole megillah into Russian, you might wind up with something like the KGB. The Soviet Unions main internal and external security agency from 1954 until the breakup of the U.S.S.R. in 1991, the KGB wasnt created from scratch, but rather inherited much of its techniques, personnel, and political orientation from the greatly feared agencies that preceded it. Before the KGB: The Cheka, the OGPU  and the NKVD In the aftermath of the October Revolution of 1917, Vladimir Lenin, the head of the newly formed U.S.S.R., needed a way to keep the population (and his fellow revolutionaries) in check. His answer was to create the Cheka, an abbreviation of The All-Russian Emergency Commission for Combating Counter-Revolution and Sabotage. During the Russian Civil War of 1918-1920, the Cheka - led by the one-time Polish aristocrat Felix - arrested, tortured, and executed thousands of citizens. In the course of this Red Terror, the Cheka perfected the system of summary execution used by subsequent Russian intelligence agencies: a single shot to the back of the victims neck, preferably in a dark dungeon. In 1923, the Cheka, still under Dzerzhinsky, mutated into the OGPU (the Joint State Political Directorate Under the  Council of Peoples Commissars  of the U.S.S.R. - Russians have never been good at catchy names). The OGPU operated during a relatively uneventful period in Soviet history (no massive purges, no internal deportations of millions of ethnic minorities), but this agency did preside over the creation of the first Soviet gulags. The OGPU also viciously persecuted religious organizations (including the Russian Orthodox Church) in addition to its usual duties of rooting out dissenters and saboteurs. Unusually for a director of a Soviet intelligence agency, Felix Dzerzhinsky died of natural causes, dropping dead of a heart attack after denouncing leftists to the Central Committee. Unlike these earlier agencies, the NKVD (The Peoples Commissariat for Internal Affairs) was purely the brainchild of Joseph Stalin. The NKVD was chartered around the same time Stalin orchestrated the murder of Sergei Kirov, an event he used as an excuse to purge the upper ranks of the Communist Party and strike terror into the populace. In the 12  years of its existence, from 1934 to 1946, the NKVD arrested and executed literally millions of people, stocked the gulags with millions more miserable souls, and relocated entire ethnic populations within the vast expanse of the U.S.S.R. Being an NKVD head was a dangerous occupation: Genrikh Yagoda was arrested and executed in 1938, Nikolai Yezhov in 1940, and Lavrenty Beria in 1953 (during the power struggle that followed the death of Stalin). The Ascension  of the KGB After the end of World War II  and before his execution, Lavrenty Beria presided over the Soviet security apparatus, which remained in a somewhat fluid state of multiple acronyms and organizational structures. Most of the time, this body was known as the MGB (The Ministry for State Security), sometimes as the NKGB (The Peoples Commissariat for State Security), and once, during the war, as the vaguely comical-sounding SMERSH (short for the Russian phrase smert shpionom, or death to spies). Only after the death of Stalin did the KGB, or Commissariat for State Security, formally come into being. Despite its fearsome reputation in the west, the KGB was actually more effective in policing the U.S.S.R. and its eastern European satellite states than in fomenting revolution in western Europe or stealing military secrets from the U.S. (The golden age of Russian espionage was in the years immediately following World War II, before the formation of the KGB, when the U.S.S.R. subverted western scientists in order to advance its own development of nuclear weapons.) The major foreign accomplishments of the KGB included suppressing the Hungarian Revolution in 1956 and the Prague Spring in Czechoslovakia in 1968, as well as installing a Communist government in Afghanistan in the late 1970s; however, the agencys luck ran out in early 1980s Poland, where the anti-Communist Solidarity movement emerged victorious. All during this time, of course, the CIA and the KGB engaged in an elaborate international dance (often in third-world countries like Angola and Nicaragua),  involving agents, double agents, propaganda, disinformation, under-the-table arms sales, interference with elections, and nighttime exchanges of suitcases filled with rubles or hundred-dollar bills. The exact details of what transpired, and where, may never come to light; many of the agents and controllers from both sides are dead, and the current Russian government has not been forthcoming in declassifying the KGB archives. Inside the U.S.S.R., the attitude of the KGB toward suppressing dissent was largely dictated by government policy. During the reign of Nikita Khrushchev, from 1954 to 1964, a certain amount of openness was tolerated, as witnessed in the publication of Alexander Solzhenitsyns Gulag-era memoir One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich (an event that would have been unthinkable under the Stalin regime). The pendulum swung the other way with the ascension of Leonid Brezhnev in 1964, and, especially, the appointment of Yuri Andropov as the head of the KGB in 1967. Andropovs KGB hounded Solzhenitsyn out of the U.S.S.R. in 1974, turned the screws on the dissident scientist Andrei Sakharov, and generally made life miserable for any prominent figure even slightly dissatisfied with Soviet power. The Death (And Resurrection?) of the KGB In the late 1980s - partly because of the disastrous war in Afghanistan and partly because of an increasingly costly arms race with the U.S. - the U.S.S.R. began to fall apart at the seams, with rampant inflation, shortages of factory goods, and agitation by ethnic minorities. Premier Mikhail Gorbachev had already implemented perestroika (a restructuring of the economy and political structure of the Soviet Union) and glasnost (a policy of openness toward dissidents), but while this placated some of the population, it enraged hard-line Soviet bureaucrats who had grown accustomed to their privileges. As might have been predicted, the KGB was at the forefront of the counter-revolution. In late 1990,  then-KGB head Vladimir Kryuchkov recruited high-ranking members of the Soviet elite into a  tight-knit conspiratorial cell, which sprang into action the following  August after failing to convince Gorbachev to either resign in favor of its preferred candidate or declare a state of emergency. Armed combatants, some of them in tanks, stormed the Russian parliament building in Moscow, but Soviet President Boris Yeltsin held firm and the coup quickly fizzled out. Four months later, the U.S.S.R. officially disbanded, granting autonomy to the Soviet Socialist Republics along its western and southern borders and dissolving the KGB (along with all other Soviet governmental bodies). However, institutions like the KGB never really go away; they just assume different guises. Today, Russia is dominated by two security agencies, the FSB (The Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation) and the SVR (The Foreign Intelligence Service of the Russian Federation), which broadly correspond to the FBI and the CIA, respectively. More worrisome, though, is the fact that Russian President Vladimir Putin spent 15 years in the KGB, from 1975 to 1990, and his increasingly autocratic rule shows that he has taken to heart the lessons he learned there. Its unlikely that Russia will ever again see a security agency as vicious as the NKVD, but a return to the darkest days of the KGB is clearly not out of the question.

Research a Healthcare Facility along with a Information System (IS) Paper

A Healthcare Facility along with a Information System (IS) used at this facility - Research Paper Example In other words, the facility serves a population of close to 1.5 million per year. The number of licensed beds as of 2006 is 2,700: patient care as of 2006 was as follows; the annual inpatient admissions were 145,000, annual inpatient days were 733,000, annual outpatient visits was 1,050,000 and the annual home health visits was 233,000 (MedStar, 2007). Programs and services offered by MedStar Health include adult day services, after hours care, cancer services, cardiac services, clinical trials and research, diabetes and endocrinology, executive health services, home care, international services, MedStar Partners Business Diversity Program, MedStar pharmacy, MedStar sportshealth, mental health services, nursing home, orthopedics, outpatient services, RadAmerica – Radiation therapy, rehabilitation, retirement residence, and women’s services (MedStar Health, 2011). The users of health information in MedStar constitute physicians, ancillary staff, IT professions, and pharmacists. The health information revolves around these individuals. In order to meet the requirements of MedStar Health professionals and also reduce the resources and costs needed to run an international healthcare organization, the health facility adopted a hospital information system called Microsoft Amalga (also known as Azyxxi) (Microsoft Corporation, 2008). MedStar has a network of hospitals and other healthcare services; in order to have a glimpse of how users access health information, Washington Hospital Center will be used. MedStar Health is on the move of adopting Electronic Medical Records (EMR) or Electronic Health Records (EHR). Currently, Washington Hospital Center is using both paper records and electronic records. A big challenge to the implementation is the inability to share information with other electronic records systems (Washington

Ecological problems Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ecological problems - Case Study Example For a start, it is prudent to acknowledge that such kinds of mishaps arise due to inexistence of clear-cut communication channels between various departments that constitute the City’s Fleet Operation Maintenance Bays. The situation can also be as a result of lack of quick and steadfast implementation of changes made over a given period of time in the City’s Fleet Operation Maintenance Bays and other departments that work in unison with it. Such kinds of mishaps have to be addressed amicably to ease managerial strains and enhance smooth operations in the bays and their affiliate departments. I therefore recommend that the four dumpsters lying at the power site remain there until an amicable solution to the quandary is constituted and implemented to the letter. This recommendation is based on the fact that, returning the dumpsters to the front of the City’s Fleet Operation Maintenance Bays would bring serious environmental repercussions and even unwarranted indust rial mishaps that would affect the Bays’ functioning and processes. Bringing back the dumpsters back to the bays would also pose grave health risks to the workforce that operates in the bays. In the meanwhile, before a lasting resolution to the impasse is found, I recommend that the concerned stakeholders in the department chart a temporary approach ahead to deal with dumpsters that will be filled before a permanent solution is instituted. What responsibility does Fleet Operations have? Fleet operations are charged with the ardent task of warranting cars and other automobiles within the City’s fleet are well maintained and execute performance to the uttermost. This calls for the personnel operating in the Bays to have experience in treating automobiles in the event of any required operation, executing habitual maintenance checks and make plans for repairs on malfunctioned or damaged motor cars and automobiles registered under fleet’s name. Furthermore, the fleet operations have the responsibility of reducing the number of oily rags disposed as a sign of being environmentally conscientious and more so, as a means of plummeting disposal expenses. To achieve this, the fleet operations ought to adopt effectual means and measures of reducing the number of disposable rags from the bays. Such measures include reducing drastically the average quantity of absorbents used and generated sequentially to reduce quantities of spills, drips/leaks and overfills that typically take place during operations (Committee on Health Effects of Waste Incineration, 2000). This is possible through implementation of trouble-free and minimal-cost pollution/contamination prevention mechanisms such as: Performing scheduled scrutiny of fluid storage spaces for spillages overfills or leaks. Perform habitual anticipatory maintenance checkups on equipment, automobile machinery and containers like replacing permeable container seals, and dispenser machines. Train baysâ€℠¢ personnel on how to implement and maintain excellent baykeeping measures and strategies. Curtail the trip numbers and distance correlated to substance shifting in order to lessen chances of inadvertent spills. Use of suitable storage and transfer equipment to avoid unnecessary spills, container breakages and loosening of seals. Case Scenario # 4 What are your first actions? My foremost reaction to such a scenario would be to ask the power plant supervisor to put off the cigarette since it is not advisable to smoke in such an establishment purely on health and hazard justifications. From his explanations that expose what one of the workers has unearthed, I direct him to thoroughly wash his hands because of his involvement in sorting out the garbage which is in essence, ‘ripe’ and has probably come into contact with the contaminated box. After he

Federal Government Role in Public Education Research Paper

Federal Government Role in Public Education - Research Paper Example From this discussion it is clear that  one of the key reasons as to why a national Pre-K 16 curriculum would actually improve the quality of education as there is overall continuum of education between K-12 and other post-secondary education system being followed at colleges as well as universities. It has also been argued that lot of students actually entering into the country’s college and university system are significantly unprepared for reading, writing as well as mathematics. These deficiencies can create significant disadvantage for the students because of the gap between the high school competencies and readiness for college. There is therefore a critical misalignment between K-12 and post-secondary standards and it can create significant disadvantage for the youth.  As the study highlights  one of the common pitfalls of having a national Pre-K-16 curriculum is the lack of information regarding the overall expectations of various stakeholders involved. The misali gnment between the goals and expectations of teachers and institutions at both the post-secondary education institutions actually can make the case for development of national curriculum stronger. There is also a lack of shared knowledge as well as standards which can ensure uniform assessment of the students at various levels. A national curriculum for Pre-K 16 would actually allow the institutions to actually track the educational trajectory of the students and better assess their strengths and weaknesses to ascertain better future options for the students.

The Stanford Prison Study and Obedience of the Masses Essay Example for Free

The Stanford Prison Study and Obedience of the Masses Essay The Stanford Prison Study conducted by Philip Zimbardo during the early 1970s showed the power of institutions to subject the masses to their own designs, despite the fact that institutions are generally represented by fewer people than the numbers constituting the masses.   Nevertheless, the study has been harshly criticized because it exposed its subjects to torture.   Seeing that scientific studies are essentially designed to benefit humanity at large, the fact that the prison guards inflicted torture upon the prisoners is despicable in the eyes of the scientific community.    The research should have been stopped at the first instance of torture.   However, conditions continued to worsen at the experimental prison created by Zimbardo (Macionis, 2005).      Ã‚  Ã‚  Even though the findings of the Stanford Prison Study are valuable in understanding human behavior, the study had been poorly designed because it did not exclude sadism as well as humiliation of the participants.   Nowadays, there are activists working against animal torture in scientific experiments.   But, the Stanford Prison Study included only humans in its design. The study is also criticized because its pool of participants was small.   What is more, Zimbardo had instructed the false prison guards to instill a sense of fear and powerlessness in the participants.   The prison guards were further instructed to work on stripping the participants off their individuality (â€Å"Stanford Prison,† 2007).   It is but obvious that an experimental design that does not control for sadism and dehumanization is unethical at best.   Besides, a scientific experiment that seeks to instill fear in the participants is comparable to terrorist acts in our times!   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Despite its careless design, the Stanford Prison Study has provided humanity with a helpful message against torture, in addition to blind obedience to authority.   In a situation where obedience is demanded of the common people, and those demanding obedience are assumed to be powerful enough to inflict torture if their demands are not met; the common people normally have no choice but to obey.   In the process, the latter may lose their peace of mind, and some might even have to bear the symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder for as long as they live.   All the same, the entire world bears witness to the truth of subjection and obedience.   At all places in the world, the Stanford Prison situation has occurred in one form or another.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   While countless prisons around the world bear testimony to the fact that prisoners can be emotionally traumatized and jailers can be extremely cruel, a basic example of the situation could be witnessed in abusive homes, where family members must subject themselves to an abusive father or mother for the simple fact that the latter appears as powerful enough to inflict torture.   People are also known to subject themselves to cruel circumstances that are often created by bad governments and politics around the world. It is certain that most of the people of Israel and Palestine, for instance, do not wish to engage in war.   However, the factions that fight amongst themselves are powerful enough to inflict torture.   Hence, the common people feel traumatized and impotent enough to allow the painful situation to persist.   Despite the fact that the common people wish for peace, and are greater in number, the groups that invade their peace carry arms which give them a very powerful image.   This image is scary enough to make common people extremely obedient.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As a matter of fact, the Stanford Prison situation is not unique by any means.   People subject themselves to powerful images at all times. Even so, the power of the Stanford Prison Study is the realization that human beings do not have to believe in images of power and subject themselves to torture.   This realization can be strengthened by modern-day conception of quantum reality – that is, we are not certain that the powerful images are real.   Indeed, it is possible for people to help themselves out of torturous situations. References Macionis, John J. (2005). Sociology. (Tenth Ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson-   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Prentice Hall. Stanford Prison Study. (2007). Wikipedia. Retrieved 18 July 2007, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford_prison_experiment.

Reflective Essay: Reflection Techniques and Incidents

Reflective Essay: Reflection Techniques and Incidents Mohammed Islam Reflective Report Strategic Perspectives EXECUTIVE SUMMARY- This paper will provide a reflective analysis of personal experience from a MEGA learning exercise. The MEGA business simulation was undertaken by students from October 2014 to December 2014. It consisted of eight official game weeks with an initial two weeks provided as a practice period. Students were given the opportunity to form groups in order to complete the weekly strategic decisions within the simulation (see appendix). The report will incorporate relevant theories and concepts in relation to reflective analysis and discuss how reflective practice techniques can be useful in analysing the Mega Learning team experience. Moreover, three critical incidents (positive or negative) which have affected the team will be discussed. 1.0 INTRODUCTION- Reflective writing is a regular topic of conversation within academic literature. This is because the idea of reflection itself provides various benefits regardless of the context in which you decide to use it. By deciding to reflect on something an individual is able to look back at the scenario and analyse the situation. This provides the opportunity to determine what happened, why it happened and how it can be changed in the future if the scenario was repeated. Gibbs (1988) postulated that It is not sufficient simply to have an experience in order to learn. Without reflecting upon this experience it may quickly be forgotten, or its learning potential lost. It is from the feelings and thoughts emerging from this reflection that generalisations or concepts can be generated. And it is generalisations that allow new situations to be tackled effectively. Reflective writing enables an individual to critically analyse a scenario and highlight experiences in a structured format. The writer is able to obtain further insights from a range of perspectives including academic literature and self-evaluation. By writing something down an individual has the opportunity to take into account further considerations and provide a deeper reflection of the experiences that have occurred (Schà ¶n, 1987). Thus, reflective writing will provide the ideal process in analysing the Mega Learning team experience. 2.0 Reflective Practise Techniques 2.1 CRITICAL INCIDENT TECHNIQUE- The Critical Incident Technique was developed in 1954 by John Flanagan with the assistance of various other collaborators. The model of reflection which was originally designed for job analysis purposes is an ideal process in analysing the Mega Learning Team experience. It is suggested that the technique consists of a set of procedures for collecting direct observations of human behaviour. This is done in such a way as to facilitate their potential usefulness in solving practical problems and developing broad psychological principles (Flanagan, 1954: 327). I feel the critical incident technique will provide a simple yet effective method in analysing the team performance within the Mega Learning simulation. Predominantly it will enable myself and others in the group to identify significant incidents whether positive or negative that occurred during the course of the simulation. By having the opportunity to reflect on the simulation through this process, individuals will be able to foc us on specific incidents and therefore critically analyse each situation. Thus, providing a deeper understanding and outlook on what situations occurred, why they occurred and how the scenario can provide a basis to learn from if the scenario where to repeat itself. 2.2 LOGBOOK- The logbook/dairy provided group members the opportunity to record weekly entries throughout the simulation (see appendix 1). This consisted of information regarding the discussions that took place in relation to the simulation and the weekly results. Group members kept a record of what was discussed, who was designated what role and what the strategy/action plan was. I feel the logbook will prove to be an essential and effective tool in analysing the Mega Learning Team experience. It provides a precise verification of a process and assists in reflection of past actions, thus ensuring better decisions can be made in future situations (Schon, 1987). Moreover, it allows students to identify specific critical incidents and refresh our memories on when it occurred and what exactly happened. It provides a source of evidence which cannot be altered or tampered with. Therefore, an individual could not possibly say a situation did or did not occur if it is not listed within this document. Fu rthermore, the logbook required group participation which provided the opportunity for team members to communicate with each other. By taking part in the creation of the logbook, it will help me analyse the Mega Learning team experience more effectively. 3.0 Group Formation Group formation consisted of individuals writing down personal strengths and weaknesses on a piece of paper. This was done in order to form groups of individuals who possess a range of strengths and characteristics. However, initial groups were formed through familiarity as students chose to work with people they knew or had previously worked with. I chose to work with two other individuals who are studying the same course as me because I knew how they operate. I wanted to achieve the best grade possible and I knew that the other two individuals would place maximum effort into achieving this goal. The other team members were attracted through the use of the strengths and weaknesses technique. Our group were on the lookout for individuals with Finance and Human Resources as key skills in order to gain a competitive advantage within the simulation. After reflecting upon this, I feel the method of group formation was justified as there was mix of familiarity along with new additions. Th rough random selection of individuals you are not familiar with it is not guaranteed which type of individuals you will be working with. Therefore, you might have to work with people who do not intend to contribute or place maximum effort into achieving the best grade. Conversely, you may also be placed with brilliant individuals who bring a range of skills and maximum effort to the group. After initial struggles with clarity of individual roles within the team, specialist tasks were delegated to each member of the group. Each team member had a specific task which they had to complete every week. Myself and the rest of the group thought it would be best if everyone had their own task to focus on in order to achieve the best result within the simulation. After reflecting upon this, it is interesting to note that the delegation of roles links significantly to Dr Meredith Belbins (1981, 2012) team roles theory. By reflecting back at the scenario, I am amazed at how each individual un-intentionally falls into specific categories of Belbins team roles. No method was used by our group to match the delegation of tasks/individuals to the roles within Belbins theory. 4.0 Critical Incident 1 (Negative to Positive) Initially, along with the other team members I was very annoyed. I felt that the individual was not attempting to contribute at all in completing the simulation. The team member did not provide any ideas or come to the meetings having looked at the following weeks results. They would just agree with the ideas of the rest of the group but have no opinion themselves. This persisted for a few weeks until I decided to say something to the team member in question. Moreover, I decided to take it upon myself to ask them to contribute more to the group and assist in completing the simulation. I took on the role of the leader and delegated a specific role to the individual and advised them not to be afraid to voice their opinion. This situation correlates with Tuckmans (1965) theory of performing team development model. It relates to the forming stage, which suggests that there is a high dependence on a individual to become a leader for direction and guidance (Tuckman, 1965). Furthermore, this stage highlights the lack of clarity of individual roles and reliance on a specific individual for direction (leader). After delegating the role to the individual the team member blossomed to be a vital part of the team. The individual came to meetings prepared with answers and solutions and started to voice a opinion rather than just agreeing with the rest of the group. After reflecting on this incident and how the outcome came to fruition I would change my approach in future. I would look to intervene as early as possible to reap the rewards of the individuals contribution at a earlier stage. This will provide significant benefits for team and individual morale and therefore increase productivity and improve the results of the simulation. 5.0 Critical Incident 2 (Negative) Initially, I did not mind taking a leading role within the simulation as I found it to be challenging. However, analysing the results and trying to decide the correct strategy became time consuming as well as stressful. Other team members were providing opinions and suggesting changes but were doing so without looking at previous results. Thus, providing random solutions which does not follow a strategy and may not result in a positive outcome. After the team meetings I also had to finalise the changes and submit the final decision. At the time the incident occurred I was attempting to make a decision which was challenging, I was unsure on why certain negative results had been occurring. I over-reacted and decided to make my feelings which I had been holding back for a number of weeks clear to the rest of my group. This was done in a unprofessional and aggressive manner as it was a heat of the moment response. After taking time to reflect upon this and although my team members were over reliant on me, I should not have reacted in the manner I did. I was getting frustrated of having to complete the majority of the workload myself and at the moment in time was struggling to understand a certain aspect of the simulation. However, I should have advised them of the way I feel in a considerate and professional manner. By doing this, I would have avoided the need for confrontation with the rest of the group. Through the use of Gibbs (1988) model for reflection (see fig 1), I have been able to reflect upon this incident and identify the things that I could have done differently. If the scenario arose again, I would approach the situation in a different manner to result in a positive outcome for the group. From this experience I have learnt that at times I can over-react or say something in a aggressive manner which may be taken in the wrong context by others. 6.0 Critical Incident 3 (Negative) I was extremely frustrated when I realised that someone had replicated my work and decided to complete the task that I was designated to do. Other members of the group all believed that they had completed the work which was delegated to them and the opposite person did the wrong task. This resulted in a group confrontation which caused friction between the group. I was adamant that I completed the correct task and I made this very clear. However, after reflecting on the scenario I have come to realise that the delegation of roles was not clarified or done clearly, Thus, causing confusion between the team members about who is doing what task. Before actually looking at what was discussed and designated the previous week, all group members including myself decided to jump to conclusions and become defensive. The whole group were very vocal that they had completed the correct task and therefore had no intentions in finding out how this occurred or if a solution can be identified. Looking back at this, I should have tried to control the situation instead of contributing to it and letting it get out of hand. By taking the time to reflect on this particular scenario I have come to realise that patience and understanding are key principles of effective team work. Everyone makes mistakes and by neutralising the situation a potential solution can be found in order to resolve the original issue. If I am faced with a similar situation again, I will look to my leadership skills to analyse and take control of the situation. This will allow me to turn a negative scenario into a positive outcome by providing a positive influence and sense of direction to the rest of my team members. Leadership is defined as being a process whereby one individual influences other group members towards the attainment of defined group and organisational goals (Barron Greenburg, 1990). Another definition of leadership is provided by Rollinson and Broadfield (2002) who postulates that leader ship is a procedure that enables a leader and other members of a group interact in a way which provides the significant individual (leader) to influence the actions of the rest of the group in a non-coercive manner. Thus, directing the team towards the achievement of specific aims or objectives (Rollinson Broadfield, 2002). 7.0 Conclusion In conclusion the Mega Learning simulation has developed a range of transferable skills including effective teamwork, strategic development and implementation and also reflecting thinking. I have improved my ability to work as part of a team, taking into consideration other individuals strengths and weaknesses and using them as a basis to achieve positive outcomes. Moreover, I have significantly improved my communication skills throughout the process which will benefit me greatly in future organisational and team activities that I undertake. The experience of the Mega simulation correlates to Kolbs Learning Cycle (1984), the first three elements consist of Concrete Experience, Observations and Reflections and Abstract conceptualisation (development of ideas) (Kolb, 2014). The influences of my learning experience will assist me significantly in future scenarios and this relates to the fourth element of Active Experimentation (Kolb, 2014). The ability to learn from experiences is an im portant life skill which contribute to the shaping of a individual. David Kolb postulates that Learning is the process whereby knowledge is created through the transformation of experience† (Kolb, 1984, p. 38). 8.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY Baron, R, A and Greenberg, J, (1990). Behaviour in organisations: understanding and managing the human side of work. Allyn and Bacon Belbin, M, (2012). Management Team: Why they succeed or fail. Second edition. Routledge, 2012 Belbin Associates. (2012).Belbin Team Roles.Available: http://www.belbin.com/rte.asp?id=8. Last accessed 1st Feb 2015 Buelens, M, Sinding, K., Waldstrom, C., Kreitner, R., and Kinicki, A. (2011) Organisational Behaviour, 4th Edition: McGrawHill Higher Education Flanagan, J.C. (1954). The critical incident technique. Psychological Bulletin, 51(4): 327–358. Gibbs, G, (1988), Learning by Doing. A Guide to Teaching and Learning Methods. FEU Kolb, D, A. (2014). Experiential learning: Experience as the source of learning and development(Vol. 2). FT Press, 2014 Kolb, D. A. (1984).Experiential learning: Experience as the source of learning and development(Vol. 1). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall Luthans, F. (2011) Organisational Behaviour: An Evidence-Based Approach, 12th Edition: McGrawHill McLeod, S, A. (2010) Kolb Learning Styles. Retrieved from http://www.simplypsychology.org/learning-kolb.html McShane, S. L. and Von Glinow, M. A. (2012) Organisational Behaviour: Emerging Knowledge, Global Reality, 6th Edition: McGraw-Hill Rollinson, D Broadfield, A, (2002).Organisational Behaviour and Analysis: An Integrated Approach. Financial Times Prentice Hall. Schà ¶n, DA, (1987),Educating the reflective practitioner, Jossey-Bass. San Francisco. Tuckman, B, (1965). Development sequence in small groups. Psychological Bulletin 63: 384-399. APPENDIX 1: Log-book / Diary The aim of this is to give you guidance as to how to plan working together in your team for your first assignment. Develop an action plan by answering the following questions: What are we supposed to be doing? What action needs to be taken? By whom? What time scale? What support is needed from the rest of the team? What to do if a team member has a problem in completing his/her task? What to do with someone who will not do any work or will not work as part of the team? Time chart Team Members: a) Nisbah Marta Mohammed Lucio James If the following sheet is not enough – please use additional notes on black page per week – example is available on page 7 (The titles of the columns will be explained in the lecture/seminars.) Reflective ReportPage 1

Elephant Man Essay -- essays research papers

Ashley Montagu tells John Merrick’s unusual story in the book that studies human dignity, The Elephant Man. The Elephant Man, an intriguing book that captures the heart of the spirit, is the story of a simple, yet unfortunate, man. It causes one to think about life’s precious gifts and how often they are taken for granted. As the sad and unique story of John Merrick, “the elephant man,'; unfolds, all are taught a lesson about strength and courage.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When Sir Frederick Treeves first discovered John Merrick in 1884, he could only be described as, “a huddled mass of loneliness';(14). Merrick had a horrible disease called elephantiasis. This extreme misfortune caused Merrick to be lame and his appearance to be that of a monster. With his skull the size of his waist and large quantities of skin growing randomly all over his body, no one wanted to befriend John Merrick. Everywhere he went screams of horror and looks of disgust greeted him. As a young child, his mother passed away leaving him a homeless orphan. So, because of his hideous looks, being displayed as half-man and half-elephant at a freak-show became normal. His life consisted of torment and torture for the next twenty years of his life, until Sir Frederick Treeves asked him to come and be studied at the London hospital. Soon, Treeves arranged with the head of the hospital for Merrick to live in an extra room at the hospital. After twenty years of lon...

Income for College Football Athletes Essay

College football athletes have been selling their jerseys, selling signature footballs, and committing crimes in order to be able to feed and support themselves financially to survive in the real world. Student athletes don’t have enough time on their hands to work during the season or during off season workouts. It’s considered a year round sport due to the fact that in offseason, college football players in training to stay in shape for the return of their upcoming season in the fall. Football takes up more than half of their daily time each year. Maintaining a steady grade point average is often enforced because of the demands held by the football program. Should football receive income while on a scholarship? Football athletes should get paid, not necessarily as professionals, paid every game, but at least to receive some form of money to help increase their monthly pay. They should be paid because college football players are making money based off of their perform ance, football athletes are compensated for free education while 70% percent of the athletes don’t even graduate, football consumes too much of the athlete’s time, and are exposing their selves daily to serious injuries that may lead up to a paralyzed body or as far as death. College football and basketball for years have been the highest producing revenue sports in NCAA. More than $470 million in new money poured into major college athletics programs last year, boosting spending on sports, even though we’re in rough economic times. Most of the money made in athletics revenue was because elevation in money generated through multi-media rights deals, donations and ticket receipts, but schools also continued increasing their subsidies from student fees and institutional funds (Berkowitz). Helping with the success of revenues in schools are wins by football teams and basketball teams. 6.2 billion was spent in 2010 on athletics at 218 schools and spending grew by 3% while revenue grew by 5.5%. Money spent on athletics was equated to make a good amount of profit. Could this profit be distributed to the performers? In the years of sports in NCAA revenue, media agreements have created about 86 percent of revenue while the other 14 percent was made from ch ampionships ticket sales. Where does the money go? It is distributed directly to the Division 1 membership. 60 percent of NCAA revenue is distributed to Division 1 members which, in 2009-2010, totaled to a little more than $433 million (where does the money go?). Some of the distribution is used for particular uses, such as academic support or those that meet special student athlete needs. Most of the money is distributed to scholarships and sports sponsorships. These funds are paid to conference offices and divided among conference institutions. The common uses of the money would be for salaries, financial aid for student athletes, and facility maintenance and travel. Only some of the 60 percent is used for the athletes which pays for the tuition and living expenses. NCAA in the article â€Å"Where does the money go?† states that their revenue is relatively small part of the overall intercollegiate athletics fiscal structure. NCAA research estimates the college athletics spend about 10.5 billion annua lly. Overall annual revenue for college athletics programs is 10.6 billion. NCAA total expenses for 2009-2010 were 707.2 million. Schools are making profit off of the athletic programs and NCAA are just an helping hand. The schools are a big impact in budget managing. According to khan, college football and college men’s basketball generate professional level revenues. 757 million in 1999 were total ticket revenues for football and men’s basketball. The broadcast revenue from NCAA of all football, in season and off season, exceeds professional basketball at 2.2 billion. In the modern day, has increased by 8 billion. The university of Louisville’s budget has grown from 52.4 million to 68.8 million from football and basketball revenue. Even other larger schools, winning conferences, are making more from the revenue. Millions and billions of dollars are generated by the players, media and ticket sales, but few are given to them. Without the players performing, there would be no money generated. Televised games are one of the key contributors to generating revenues. In 1950s until 1984 NCAA exerted complete control over college football telecasts. Randall Bennett and John Fizel present the analysis of competitive balance in NCAA division 1 College football after the supreme court ruling. Supreme Court argued that NCAA had been successful in preventing a â€Å"power elite† from developing in college football because of bigger schools being televised while smaller schools are at a disadvantage. The results were the winning percentages in conferences significantly declined in two conferences and increased in two other conferences. NCAA control over television wasn’t focused on generate equality of playing strength among division 1 football teams. The teams with the most wins were highly focused by the NCAA in televising. Television is very important in gaining wins and more attraction â€Å"Televising is more important than money† as quoted by the Supreme Court in Bennett and Fizel’s article. Money is the NCAA’s center point and though most of the money generated by the players, most of it is not necessary for the players. In addition to generating revenues, recruits and players are compensated for free education while only under 70 percent of football player’s graduate. Division 1 student athletes who entered college in 1994 were the ninth consecutive class that met higher initial-eligibility. Student athletes who entered college and received an athletics scholarship as a freshman in 1994 graduated at a rate of 58 percent (NCAA). â€Å"The data of this class of student-athletes continues the pattern set by previous classes of graduating at a rate one to two percent higher than the general student body. Student-athletes in the two classes prior to the new academic standards graduated at a rate one to two percent lower than the general student body† (NCAA). These showings are obvious in the determined average football player who will graduate. What is interesting is that graduating is the number one goal as coaching staff and NCAA emphasize to football athletes. Overall, graduation rates for freshman class entering in 1994 were the same as the year before. This class equaled the rates of the 1988 through 1990 classes, as well as the 1992 and 1993 classes. In 1968 study of all Michigan state university athletes over a five year period revealed that 49 percent of team sport and 60 percent of individual sport athletes had graduate. In 1976, less than 20 percent of football players who entered North Texas State University graduated with a degree (Purdy, Eitzen and Hufnagel). 24 percent in that time were the graduating rate fort football players. Division 1 football and men’s basketball players continue to lag behind in graduating rates among all athletes, but it has grown since then. In 2004-2005 statics by (division 1 athletes’ graduation rates) NCAA division 1 rates for all sports is 82 percent and football and basketball stand at 68 to 69 percent in graduating rates. It has grown yet still the average is inadequate to the standards stressed by NCAA and faculty. NCAA could at least boost up the income for college football athletes if graduation is a main goal stressed. Below three quarters are exceed in graduation rates. Football players are getting their tuition paid for free with an addition of 1,000 to 1,500 monthly incomes if they are living on their own. It sounds like a decent amount, but when you break it down it becomes frustrating for the individual to live off of it. The minimum wage in the United States is $7.25 (Cowan). UNLV football athletes with scholarships receive 12000 dollars monthly for 10 months. The yearly salary is 12,000 dollars. So in reality, only 1,000 is received for each month. The weekly pay is $250. For one day, an UNLV football athlete is paid $35.71. The hourly salary is $4.46. Are we really worth this amount? College football athletes take four classes just to be eligible. In addition to the four classes, from2:00 to 6:30 is all football relation in during seasons. Lifting twice a week is mandatory. Study hall is also mandatory for new comers and those who have failed to meet the requirements by the NCAA. In a whole, all your time is needed to meet the standards set by NCAA. Passing all your classes include, studying (2 hours) and taking 1 to 2 classes a day(2-4) hours, lifting weights (2 hours), studying football, means watching tapes (2 hours), football meetings (2 hours) and football practices( 2 and half hours). Mandatory Study hall consumes about an hour of your day. In all, 12 to 13 hours is taken up by football daily. The rest of the hours are used for sleep and break times. The full time schedules, homework’s, practice, and travel for road games are big burdens for athletes to find other sources of income. NCAA prohibits payments beyond educational scholarships and specified expenses to athletes responsible for revenues. According Goldman that NCAA restricts the ability of college athletes to earn outside income because of the time consumed by the sport itself. Even if a part time job is allowed for student athletes, it raises concerns about over-taxing a student athlete’s already fragmented time schedule and increasing the opportunity for boosters to make â€Å"illegal† payments to favored athletes (Acain). There wouldn’t be a need for boosters or part-time jobs if NCAA could allow increasing the scholarship aids for football athletes. A study on football and basketball individual with scholarships, both generating revenues, say that they had less money. Ernie chamber, in Parent’s article, introduced a bill to pay college athletes but was lacking persistent. One of his arguments were that athletes are not getting enough money to eat and wash their clothes. Former All- American football player at USC who admitted that even though he was getting money from the grants there still wasn’t enough because he was sending it back home ( came from a poor family) to his family. He noticed how he was struggling to put food in his fridge and how the school was selling his jersey making money off of him. California state senator said â€Å"it was unfair that men’s division 1 basketball or football players do not receive at least a portion of the money that athletes have earned for their school and that NCAA has kept quiet about discussing these issues over the past years† (Parent). If a portion of the revenue is distributed to the performers, food and other expenses would be easy access. Also illegal money would not be a problem if more was given to the athletes. Adding to reasons why the collegiate football players should be paid, they are risking their lives for free education with some support for expenses and hopes of making it to the professional level. A data of five teams from major college in the nation were surveyed during practices and games in the 1976 season. Data were based on during drills in practice and games of the season. The injury rate was calculated very high in 12 specific drills, practice games, and other activities. Practice games, drill that simulate real live game emphasis had the lowest injury exposure, but are the highest risk factor. Agility drills were calculated as the fewest injury rates. Calisthenics had no injury rates because it’s a warm-up drill that prepares for the body for the practice. The study, according to Cahill and Griffith, was to determine harmful factors to prevent in the future and in other schools. The drills that were calculated high are often practiced throughout football even till to day. Head injuries are deadliest results of playing football. A survey commissioned by the NFL indicated that it retires have been diagnosed as having dementia or other memory related disease at rates higher than the national population. Helmet manufacturers have begun on protecting against concussion by designing air releasing shock absorbers that could handle a wider range of forces than foam alone (Schawz). Even though it focuses on the concussion taken, it is still not effective in how the head postioned.Dave Halstead states in Schwarz’s article, as advanced as helmets have become, they do not yet protect against dramatic rotational, rather than linear, forces. The position of the head is essential to avoiding head injuries and major risks. Major injuries in football could cost your life and productive time. A 22 year old football player at frostburg state university in Maryland died from head trauma sustained on the field. Dreks sheely died late Sunday at university of Maryland R Adams Cowley Shock trauma center in Baltimore. According to Castillo, a spokesman for Frostburg State said sheely had been participating in â€Å"regular drills† with his teammates in Aug. 22 when he began feeling woozy. He was being helped off the field when he collapsed. This incident of dying is not likely, but has had cases like this 9 times in high school football. Head injury cases are at large with those who are paralyzed. Rutgers defensive tackle Eric LeGrand was paralyzed below the neck when making contact with player returning the ball against army. Doctors says, in â€Å"Rutgers football player paralyzed from neck down†, that he will remain in hospital for the near future. Legrand was headed to the Hackensack University Medical Center where he had emergency surgery overnight to keep stabilized after making the tackle against the returner. Tight end Kevin Everett, from buffalo bills, in 2007was memorized when he duck his neck making a tackle during second kickoff. He was paralyzed from the neck down with the same situation as LeGrand is in. These are the horrors and risks of playing football. College football players are struggling while the NCAA generates income off of their performance. NCAA distributes money thorough out the Division 1 members and only few is given to players.Even when revenue is increasing each year the same amount of money used to support college football athletes. College spends a lot on the athletic programs even in our declining economic times. As athletes, coaches and staffs stress the goal of graduating football players graduate at a rate of under 70 percent. It has increased since 1960 but it still doesn’t meet the NCAA emphasis on graduating in exchange for their performance. Football players from back in the 80’s till today still struggle the life of being a college football player with the financial aid. The amount of money supplied by the NCAA is unfortunately short for paying living expenses and for those who may send the money back home. Also more illegal attempts, boosters giving money and players selling their jerseys, that attract attention may be prevented by providing a little more to the aids. Finding sources of money becomes impossible because of the time that football consumes. Lastly, the game of football exposes football players to many injuries. Players dying to players being paralyzed are a risk that cost more than what there are given in college. Health insurance may pay for the minor injuries, but can it pay for death that is the last thing in a football players mind? These are the reason that football players should get paid, in an increase in their monthly income.